The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. London, SW7 2QJ, Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. We provide you with the latest breaking news. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. The next kind of management is human management [19]. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nation's commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. I have this example for you. Books > This indicates the significance of top soil in the restoration of a reclaimed site. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). Answer this Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . Dutch engineers were also brought in to reclaim a lot of the land in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Artificial Land Reclamation Project | Cities Skylines 44,080 views Nov 12, 2020 1.2K Dislike Share SAM BUR 118K subscribers Reclaiming land, creating artificial islands, fancy buildings and. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. Minna. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. The Great Wall of Lagos will ensure that everyone living and working within the 10 square kilometres (6.2 miles) of reclaimed land for Eko Atlantic and the population of Victoria Island are protected from the sea, Frame assured. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. 1. Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land sources; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). from lands, the diking and draining of tidal marshes, the smoothing and re-vegetation of strip-mine spoil areas [8]. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. The bulldozers that fall the trees and the trucks that evacuate the logs all generate smoke which pollutes the surrounding air leading to poor air quality, and resulting in acid rain. On its right is the. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Nigeria has the largest population of any African country. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. Invasion of foreign species in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . We have carried out some investigations. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. 5. This is a natural ecological restoration. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. mangrove wetlands. This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. But ecology sees farther ahead.. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. 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